We address the problem of providing integrated access to diverse and dynamic information sources. Furthermore, we show that known optimization techniques for operators on flat relations apply to the "horizontal" dimension of UnQL. We describe new optimization techniques for the deep or "vertical" dimension of UnQL queries. While strictly more powerful than query languages with path expressions like XSQL, UnQL can still be efficiently evaluated. The novelty of UnQL consists in its programming constructs for arbitrarily deep data and for cyclic structures. In this model, relational data may be represented as fixed-depth trees, and on such trees UnQL is equivalent to the relational algebra. Such structures allow great flexibility in data representation What query language is appropriate for such structures? Here we propose a simple language UnQL for querying data organized as a rooted, edge-labeled graph. Systems like ACeDB, which has become very popular with biologists, and the recent Tsimmis proposal for data integration organize data in tree-like structures whose components can be used equally well to represent sets and tuples. WeĪlso briefly discuss a second implementation of Lorel on top of aĬonventional object-oriented database management system, the O2 system.Ī new kind of data model has recently emerged in which the database is not constrained by a conventional schema. This paper briefly describes the Lore system and query processor. In addition to presenting the Lorel language in full, Implemented as the query language of the Lore prototype database
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Lorel also includes a declarative update language. Particularly suitable when the details of the structure are not known to the Permit a flexible form of declarative navigational access and are Relieve the user from the strict typing of OQL, which is inappropriateįor semistructured data and (ii) powerful path expressions, which Novelties of the Lorel language are: (i) the extensive use of coercion to Model underlying Lorel can be viewed as an extension of the ODMGĭata model and the Lorel language as an extension of OQL. For wide applicability, the simple object Lorel is a user-friendly language in the SQL/OQL style for querying
Heterogeneous sets are present, or object structure is not fully known. Missing, similar concepts are represented using different types, Inappropriate, since semistructured data often is irregular, some data is Traditional data models and query languages are Such as HTML and when performing simple integration of data from Is becoming more and more prevalent, e.g., in structured documents We present the Lorel language, designed for querying semistructured data. The paper also describes three CIDScript test examples to demonstrate: (1) an automated suitcase tester can test conditions that cannot be tested with a standard suitcase tester (2) an automated suitcase tester can conduct tests faster and more efficiently than a standard tester (3) the automated suitcase tester can document the results of a number of tests that can be compared and evaluated later, something that the standard suitcase tester cannot do. This paper presents a traffic controller automated testing tool and a new script language (CIDScript) to implement and facilitate automated testing of traffic controller functionality using the controller interface device (CID) technology.
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These manual tests can be tedious and time-consuming and have many limitations such as the inability to document the test results and the difficulty in replicating field conditions. Currently the testing is done manually using traditional “suitcase testers”.
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Traffic engineers and technicians are faced with the challenge of testing traffic controllers to ensure that they comply with different software and hardware requirements prior to deployment.
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